The pictures above show that English is primarily used as a medium of instruction in Ghana, particularly from class three to the university level.
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The English language was chosen as the national and official language of Ghana due to the significant historical role it has played in Ghanaian society. Morris (1998) argues that the decision of chosing English as the national language has settled the disputes among different ethnic groups, as the country had no single indigenous language of government, law, education, and social communication at all levels. Therefore, English is the best medium that surpasses the tribal language barriers in Ghana. Morris (1998) further argues that "Another difficulty that is noted by scholars is that the indigenous languages aren’t “developed” enough to be used for government, or education, especially, that is they don’t account for many modern terms" (p. 17). English would then allow Ghanaians to participate and benefit from the global economy using a global language. In post-colonial Ghana, the ability to read and write in English enables Ghanaians to have an easy access to well-paid and prestigious public positions. It has become a measure for literacy and a means of socio-economic growth.
The chart shows that the English language is a basic medium throughout the different stages of education in Ghana, especially from primary five onward.
From The Language Policy of Education in Ghana: A Critical Look at the English-Only Language Policy of Education, (p. 82) by Ewie, C. (2006).
From The Language Policy of Education in Ghana: A Critical Look at the English-Only Language Policy of Education, (p. 82) by Ewie, C. (2006).